5 مخاطر تواجه عملة بيتكوين
تذبذبت أسعار عملة بيتكوين كثيرًا خلال هذا العام، وقد وصلت في بداية العام إلى 65 ألف دولار تقريبًا. ولكن لم تحافظ في هذا الارتفاع كثيرًا، حيث خسرت أكثر من 47 في المئة من قيمتها لاحقًا. وقد أثر هذا التذبذب في رغبة المستثمرين الكبار في تبني العملة، وذلك لأن هذا التذبذب يمثلًا خطرًا على أعمالهم وأرباحهم. ونحاول من خلال المقال التالي توضيح خمس مخاطر تواجه عملة بيتكوين.
التشريعات الحكومية ضد بيتكوين
تعتبر التشريعات الحكومية أحد أكبر المخاطر التي تواجه عملة بيتكوين، وقد بدأت الصين بتضييق الخناق على المعدنين. وذلك عبر إغلاق مزارع التعدين الكبيرة.
بالإضافة إلى ذلك وجهت الصين البنوك وشركات التأمين الكبرى بعدم التعامل مع العملات الرقمية. ومن ثم تبعتها إنجلترا، حيث أصدرت قوانين جديدة تمنع منصة Binance من العمل داخل حدودها.
ويضر تضييق الخناق من قبل الحكومة الصينية بالعملة، وذلك لأنه يمنع تكدس معدني بيتكوين في الصين.
ولازلت الولايات المتحددة تتخبط في قوانين العملات الرقمية، حيث تحاول الكثير من الوزارات وضع قوانين لها، وهذا ما يضر المتعاملين بالعملات الرقمية.
وقد حذرت حكومة الولايات المتحدة سابقًا من التعامل بالعملات الرقمية وإمكانية استخدامها في الأعمال المشبوهة.
كما حاولت حكومة ترامب سابقًا تقنين وضع المحافظ الرقمية، وطالبت بالتحقيق مع من يمتلك محفظة تحتوي على 3000 دولار.
التذبذب الكبير
اختلفت أسعار العملة كثيرًا هذا العام، حيث صعدت لسعر 65 ألف دولار تقريبًا في شهر أبريل. وانخفضت حتى 28 ألف تقريبًا في شهر يونيو قبل أن ترتفع مجددًا إلى 34 ألف.
ويعتبر بعض المحللين عملة بيتكوين مثل الذهب، وذلك لأنها توفر أمانًا نسبيًا في الأزمات الاقتصادية.
أما بالنسبة لأرباح المستثمرين فإنهم قد كسبوا أكثر من ضعف أموالهم في حال قاموا بشراء بيتكوين قبل بداية العام وبيع العملة قبل شهر أبريل.
وتصل نسبة النمو إلى 18 في المئة، وهي أكبر من نمو مؤشر S&P 500 الذي وصل إلى 16 في المئة منذ بداية العام.
وبينما يتسبب هذا التذبذب في الأسعار في إبعاد بعض المستثمرين، إلا أنه لن يمنع الشركات الكبيرة من الاستثمار فيها.
وقد يجذب التذبذب الكثيرين للاستثمار في عملة بيتكوين بأسعار مرتفعة، حيث إن الاستثمار بمبالغ كبيرة يولد أرباح كبيرة أيضًا.
المخاطر البيئية
حذر منتقدو عملة بيتكوين من مخاطر التعدين البيئية وكيف يزيد من استهلاك الكربون حول العالم. وذلك لأن عملية التعدين تستهلك الكثير من الكهرباء.
وازدادت أهمية هذا التحذير عندما تحدث عنه إيلون ماسك. وقد فاجئت شركة تيسلا العالم عندما قامت باستثمار 1.5 مليار دولار في عملة بيتكوين، وأعلنت أنها تقبل الدفع عبرها.
ولكن قام إيلون ماسك بإيقاف هذا القرار بسبب المخاوف البيئية من العملة واستهلاكها الكبير للطاقة.
ويرى أحد المحللين بأن المخاوف البيئية تمنع بعض الشركات من الاستثمار في بيتكوين، وقد تسبب في قوانين حكومية جديدة لمنعها.
التدقيق في العملات الثابتة
تعرف العملات الثابتة بأنها العملات التي ترتبط قيمتها بموارد فيزيائية مثل الدولار الأمريكي. وقد صرح محافظ البنك الاحتياطي في بوسطن أن عملة Tether تسبب خطرًا على ثبات النظام الاقتصادي.
ويدعي مؤسسي Tether أنها مدعومة بنسبة 1:1 من الدولار الأمريكي، وهذا يعني أن كل عملة واحدة منها تساوي دولار واحد. ولذلك يفضل المتداولون استخدامها في شراء العملات الرقمية بدلًا من الدولارات الحقيقة.
ويقلق بعض المحللين من الاحتياطي النقدي لهذه العملة، ويرون بأن المؤسسين لا يمتلكون ما يغطي الطلب عليها.
كما يبلغ حجم التعاملات المالية بالعملة أكثر من 60 مليار دولار، وهذا يجعلها أكبر من الاحتياطي النقدي لبعض البنوك الأمريكية.
عمليات النصب
تعرف بعض العملات الرقمية بإسم العملات الهزلية Meme Coins، وهي عملات لا تتبع أي منطق ولا تكون مدعومة من شركات.
وتعتبر عملة Dogecoin أحد أشهر الأمثلة عليها، حيث بدأت كمزحة ومن ثم تحولت لواحدة من أكبر العملات الرقمية بعد دعم إيلون ماسك لها. وقد ازدات قيمة Dogecoin لتتجاوز حجم شركة فورد الأمريكية هذا العام.
وتمثل عمليات النصب الرقمية أحد أكبر مخاوف هذا العام، وذلك لأن بعض العملات تصعد بسرعة ومن ثم تختفي. ولا يمكن للحكومة أن تتدخل بشكل كبير في تنظيمها.
ولذلك يجب أن يحذر المستثمرين من هذه العملات فهي قد تسبب في أرباح كبيرة أو خسارة أكبر.
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