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اكتشفي أعراض سرطان عنق الرحم وطرق الوقاية

غالباً ما يكون سرطان عنق الرحم دون أعراض في المراحل المبكرة من المرض، عندما تظهر الأعراض، يكون المرض بالفعل في مرحلة متقدمة.

ينتج هذا السرطان عن عدوى فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري المنقولة عبر العلاقة الزوجية “فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري”، ومن هنا تأتي أهمية فحص مسحة عنق الرحم والتطعيم ضد فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري والمتابعة المنتظمة لأمراض النساء. يجب أن يكون لدى النساء أيضاً معرفة جيدة بالأعراض للتعرُّف إليها.

أعراض سرطان عنق الرحم

ظهور أعراض سرطان عنق الرحم يعني أن السرطان أصبح في المرحلة الثانية

إن معرفة طرق رصد أعراض سرطان عنق الرحم أمر بالغ الأهمية. يجب بالفعل علاج هذا السرطان، وهو عدواني بشكل خاص، في أقرب وقت ممكن، بعد التلوث في أثناء الاتصال الجسدي بفيروس الورم الحليمي البشري «HPV» واستمرار عدوى الرحم هذه، تظهر آفات نسيجية سابقة للتسرطن على الغشاء المخاطي لعنق الرحم.،يمكن أن تكون خفيفة أو معتدلة أو شديدة ، حسب عمقها. وبالتالي تتطور بشكل مختلف: تتراجع تلقائياً، أو تتطور نحو سرطان عنق الرحم. هذا السرطان غير مصحوب بأعراض في البداية ، وهذا هو السبب في أنه من الضروري إجراء فحوص أمراض النساء ومسحات عنق الرحم بانتظام. عندما تظهر الأعراض الأولى، تكون المريضة بالفعل في المرحلة الثانية من السرطان. الأعراض، التي لا ترتبط فقط بسرطان عنق الرحم، ولكنها مرتبطة به كثيراً، هي:

– نزيف نسائي غير طبيعي: يحدث بعد العلاقة أو بعد انقطاع الطمث أو خارج فترات الحيض.

– إفرازات نسائية بيضاء كريهة الرائحة.

– ألم الحوض: وهو ألم يحدث في أسفل البطن.

– ألم في أثناء العلاقة الزوجية.

– صعوبة التبول.

– الحث على التبرز مع توتر مؤلم وإحساس حارق.

– ألم أسفل الظهر.

كيفية الوقاية من سرطان عنق الرحم

من الممكن الحد من خطر الإصابة بسرطان عنق الرحم أو حتى تجنُّب هذا السرطان بالذات عن طريق التطعيم لدى فئة الشباب، للوقاية من سرطان عنق الرحم؛ في ما يلي أهم الإجراءات:

– الإقلاع عن التدخين.

– العلاقات المحمية.

– الفحص بمسحة عنق الرحم: خلال مسحة عنق الرحم، يتم أخذ عينات من خلايا بطانة عنق الرحم لتحليلها في المختبر. يُوصى بهذا الفحص لجميع النساء في الفئة العمرية بين 25 و65 عاماً، بما في ذلك النساء اللواتي تمَّ تطعيمهن ضد فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري. يختلف تواتر هذا الفحص النسائي حسب العمر: 3 مرات بين 25 و29 سنة وكل 5 سنوات بين 30 و65 سنة.

– علاج عدوى فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري: من المهم عدم إهمال عدوى فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري، للقضاء على الفيروس قبل أن يسبب آفات ما قبل السرطانية ثمَّ سرطانية.

– التطعيم ضد عدوى فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري: يُوصى بشدة بالتطعيم ضد فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري للشباب، الأولاد والبنات، الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 11 و14 عاماً، مع إمكانية التطعيم التعويضي بين 15 و19 عاماً. يجب إجراء هذا التطعيم قبل أول علاقة زوجية لزيادة فعاليته؛ أي قبل أي اتصال محتمل بفيروس الورم الحليمي البشري.

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